Impacto do grau de uveíte em diferentes tipos de úlceras de córneas em cães submetidos ao enxerto pediculado de conjuntiva bulbar - 34 casos / Impact of uveitis score on different types of corneal ulcers in dogs subjected to the bulbar conjunctival pedicle graft - 34 cases

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os resultados de 34 olhos submetidos ao enxerto conjuntival pediculado (ECP) em ceratites ulcerativas profundas (n=5), em ceratites ulcerativas com colagenólise (n=2), descemetocele (n=7), perfuração corneal (n=15) e prolapso de íris (n=5). Os impactos do grau de uveíte e da integridade da córnea foram correlacionados com presença e ausência de visão por tabelas de contingência. Raças braquicefálicas foram acometidas em 91,11% dos casos. O número de córneas consideradas perfuradas [20/34 (58,82%)] foi maior que o de córneas íntegras [14/34 (41,17%)]. Ao 50º dia de pós-operatório, o número de olhos visuais que apresentavam córneas íntegras previamente às cirurgias (n=13) não diferiu significativamente dos olhos com córneas perfuradas (n=12) (P=0,05). Avaliações relativas ao grau de uveíte, revelaram que a metade dos casos foi considerada severa [17/34 (50%)] e na outra metade as uveítes foram consideradas discretas. Dos 17 casos que apresentaram uveíte severa, oito recuperaram a visão. Já nos 17 olhos onde a uveíte foi considerada leve, 15 mantiveram a visão ao final do período de avaliação. Apesar de a integridade da córnea não se correlacionar com a severidade da uveíte (P=0,48), constatou-se que o número de olhos visuais com uveíte discreta foi significativamente maior que os olhos com uveíte severa (P=0,006). Neste estudo, a taxa geral de sucesso visual após ECP foi de 73,52% e a integridade da córnea não exerceu impacto significativo sobre a manutenção da visão. Todavia, olhos acometidos por uveítes severas apresentaram menor chance de recuperar a visão.(AU)

The present study aimed to evaluate the results of 34 eyes of dogs presenting deep corneal ulcer (n=5), colagenolytic corneal ulcer (n=2), descemetocele (n=7), corneal perforation (n=15), and iris prolapse (n=5) that were corrected by the bulbar conjuntival pedicle graft (CPG). The uveitis score and the corneal integrity were correlated with the presence or absence of vision by contingency tables. Brachycephalic breeds accounted for 91.11% of all cases. The number of perforated corneas [20/34 (58.82%)] were higher than the non-perforated ones [14/34 (41.17%)]. At post-operative day 50, the number of visual eyes with non-perforated corneas before surgery (n=13) did not differ significantly from the eyes with perforated corneas (n=12) (P = 0.05). In half of the cases, uveitis score was considered severe [17/34 (50%)], and in the other half, mild. Eight out of 17 eyes classified with severe uveitis regained vision. In 17 eyes where uveitis score was considered mild, 16 regained vision at the end of the study. Although corneal integrity was non-correlated with the uveitis score (P = 0.48), the number of visual eyes scored with mild uveitis were significantly larger than the eyes with severe uveitis (P = 0.006). In this study, the overall success visual rate after CPG was 73,52% % and the corneal integrity did not play an important role regarding maintenance of vision. However, eyes presenting severe uveitis score had less chance to regain vision.(AU)

Ocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in a cat: first case report from Brazil / Manifestações oculares da leishmaniose em um gato: primeiro relato de caso do Brasil

An 8-year-old domestic short hair female cat initially presented with bilateral uveitis with pseudotumoral appearance. The patient tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Histopathology of a granulomatous lesion on the upper left conjunctiva revealed amastigotes compatible with Leishmania spp. Aqueous humor was aspired and the diagnosis was confirmed after isolation of promastigotes cultivated in biphasic NNN medium and by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Leishmania infantum. Treatment with allopurinol (10mg/kg/ BID/PO) was commenced and a natural insect repellent was prescribed. Six months of treatment with allopurinol associated with the initial topical medications helped to improve ocular signs. Leishmaniasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats presenting uveitis with pseudotumoral appearance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of feline leishmaniasis with ocular manifestation in Brazil, in which diagnosis was confirmed by aqueous humor analysis.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, de oito anos de idade, foi atendida inicialmente com uveíte bilateral, com aparência pseudotumoral em íris. Foi realizado teste para o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV), da leucemia felina (FeLV) e de Toxoplasma gondii, obtendo-se resultados negativos. O exame histopatológico da conjuntiva superior do olho esquerdo revelou amastigotas compatíveis com Leishmania spp. Foi realizada paracentese, e promastigotas foram isoladas no humor aquoso, cultivadas em meio NNN bifásica. Reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) confirmou diagnóstico positivo para Leishmania infantum. Tratamento com alopurinol (10mg/kg/BID/PO) foi iniciado, e um repelente natural de insetos foi prescrito. Seis meses de tratamento com alopurinol associado aos medicamentos tópicos iniciais ajudaram a melhorar os sinais oculares. Leishmaniose deve ser considerada como um diagnóstico diferencial nos gatos que apresentam uveíte com aparência pseudotumoral de íris. Até o presente momento, este é o primeiro relato de leishmaniose felina com manifestação exclusivamente ocular da doença no Brasil cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado por meio de análise de humor aquoso.(AU)

Utilidad del APE libre en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata / Use of free PSA ratio in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

El Cáncer de próstata (CaP) constituye una importante causa de muerte en nuestro país. La razón Antígeno Prostático Específico libre/ Antígeno Prostático Específico total (APE-L/T) es una de las medidas descritas para mejorar la pesquisa de la enfermedad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analítico en el Hospital Naval de Viña del Mar entre enero 2007 a diciembre 2011 que incluyó 588 pacientes con biopsias prostáticas que presentaban APE- T entre 2-10 ng/ml. Se evaluó la edad al diagnóstico, el valor de APE-T y la razón APE-L/T en relación al resultado histológico de las biopsias. Se realizaron curvas de rendimiento diagnóstico (ROC) para APE- T y para la razón APE-L/T. Se calculó sensibilidad y especificidad para diferentes puntos de corte para la razón APE-L/T. RESULTADOS: 33 por ciento de las biopsias fueron positivas para CaP. Los valores de la razón APE-L/T fueron significativamente más bajos en pacientes con CaP (p<0.001), alcanzando un área bajo la curva ROC 0,615. El mejor punto de corte para la razón APE-L/T fue de 15 por ciento con una sensibilidad de 60 por ciento y una especificidad de 58 por ciento. Para la razón APE-L/T > 25 por ciento la sensibilidad es 20 por ciento y la especificidad 91 por ciento. En cambio, el APE-T no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,1) con un AUC 0,55. CONCLUSIONES: El APE-T por sí solo no parece tener capacidad discriminante para detectar CaP cuando los valores se encuentran entre 2-10 ng/ml. La razón APE-L/T tiene una utilidad limitada frente al paciente para decidir efectuar o no una biopsia de próstata.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the major causes of death in our country. The Free/Total Prostate specific antigen ratio (f/t PSA) is one of the measurements that have been used to improve the diagnosis of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analytic study in the Almirante Nef Hospital in Viña del Mar between January 2007 and December 2011 was made, which included 588 patients with prostate biopsies that had tPSA between 2-10 ng/ml. The age at diagnosis was evaluated and the value of tPSA and the f/t PSA ratio were compared with the histological results of the biopsies. Curves were performed for the diagnostic yield (ROC) for tPSA and the f/t PSA ratio. The sensitivity and specificity for different cut-off points for the f/t PSA ratio in the diagnosis of PCa were also calculated. RESULTS: 33 percent of the biopsies were positive for PCa. The f/t PSA ratio values were significantly lower in patients with CaP (p<0.001), reaching an area under the curve of 0,615. The best cutoff for f/t PSA ratio was 15 percent with 60 percent sensitivity and 58 percent specificity. For f/t PSA ratio > 25 percent sensitivity was 20 percent and specificity was 91 percent. PSA showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.1) with AUC: 0.55. CONCLUSIONS: tPSA alone does not seem to have discriminatory power to detect PCa in patients when values are between 2-10 ng/ml. The f/t PSA ratio has a limited utility to decide to perform a prostate biopsy or not.

Perfil clínico, epidemiológico y quirúrgico de pacientes operados por cáncer renal en el Hospital Naval Almirante Nef / Clinical, epidemiological and surgical profile of renal cancer patients at Hospital Naval Almirante Nef

Introducción: El cáncer renal ocupa el tercer lugar dentro de los tumores genitourinarios y el 3 por ciento de los tumores malignos primarios, siendo el cáncer urológico con mayor mortalidad y cuya incidencia ha aumentado a nivel mundial. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de las fichas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer renal que fueron nefrectomizados o tumorectomizados entre los años 1999 y 2009 en el Hospital Naval Almirante Nef de Viña del Mar, con un total de 135 pacientes. Resultados: Observamos un aumento importante en el número de casos el año 2009, siendo más frecuente en hombres durante los diez años revisados. La media de la edad fue de 61,81 años y la mayoría no presentaba factores de riesgo. Cuarenta y ocho por ciento de los casos diagnosticados fueron hallazgos y 60 por ciento de éstos se encontraban en etapa I. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal. Setenta por ciento de los casos fueron diagnosticados por ecotomografía abdominal y 12 por ciento por pielotac. El 11 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron metástasis posquirúrgicas, siendo la mayoría a pulmón seguido de hígado. De éstos, 20 por ciento habían presentado tumores primarios menores de 7 cm. Conclusión: La incidencia del cáncer renal va en aumento y el diagnóstico precoz de lesiones asintomáticas y de bajo volumen que presentan un porcentaje no despreciable de infiltración tumoral, sugieren un manejo quirúrgico agresivo.

Introduction: Renal cancer represents the third most common cancer within genitourinary tumors and3 percent of all primary malignant tumors. It is the urological cancer with the most mortality rate and it´s incidence has increased worldwide. Methods: Restrospective review of the medical records of every patient diagnosed with renal cancer who where nephrectomized or tumorectomized between the years 1999 and 2009 at Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, with a total of 135 patients. Results: There was an important increase in the number of cases in 2009. The higher frequency in men was maintained during the years studied. The mean age was 61.81 years and most of the patients didn’t have any risk factors. 40 percent of the diagnosed cases were asymptomatic findings and 60 percent of them where on stage I. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain. 70 percent of all cases where diagnosed by abdominal ecotomography and 12 percent CT without contrast. 11 percent of the patients presented post-surgical metastasis, most of them to lung followed by liver. 20 percent of them had primary tumors smaller than 7 cm. Conclusion: The incidence of renal cancer is increasing and the early diagnosis of asymptomatic and small lesions which in an important percentage have tumoral infiltration suggest an aggressive surgical treatment.

Efecto alelopático de la fracción clorofórmica de lagascea mollis cav. (asteraceae) sobre la germinación y el crecimiento radicular de oryza sativa L / Allelopathy effect of a chloroformic fraction of lagascea mollis Cav. (ASTERACEAE) on the germination and root growth of oriza sativa L

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la actividad alelopática de las lactonas terpénicas presentes en las fracciones clorofórmicas de Lagascea mollis Cav (Asteraceae). Para tal efecto se evalúa el porcentaje de semillas germinadas y la longitud de radícula de semillas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). La bioactividad observada en las fracciones clorofórmicas es contrastada con la correspondiente en el extracto etanólico crudo. El mecanismo de interacción del metabolito se establece teniendo en cuenta el índice mitótico del meristema radicular, el estudio micromorfológico de la raíz y la conductividad del eflujo celular. Adicionalmente se caracteriza la arvense mediante su descripción morfológica y la determinación de los índices farmacognósticos. La investigación demuestra que los constituyentes químicos de las fracciones clorofórmicas de Lagascea mollis manifiestan efecto significativo sobre la división celular y el crecimiento radicular de Oryza sativa donde se observan alteraciones morfológicas, lo que evidencia la actividad alelopática de la arvense sobre el crecimiento de la gramínea

Estudio de factores genéticos en la agregación familiar de la esquizofrenia en Santiago, Chile / Genetic factors study in family aggregation of schizophrenia in Santiago, Chile

Forty four randomly selected schizophrenic probands, 22 female, aged 28 to 48 years old, were studied. From them, an extensive genealogic reconstruction was performed. Probands and relatives were interviewed using the structured interview CIDI and DSM-III-R check list. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using DSM-III-R criteria. Complex segregation analysis was done using Pointer program. The hypothesis of a multifactorial inheritance, without the participation of major genes, could not be rejected. Likewise, the major dominant and co-dominant gene forms of transmission could not be rejected. Our results show the participation of a major dominant locus and a multifactorial component in the inheritance of schizophrenia, as has been reported elesewhere

Validez del CIDI para el diagnóstico de esquizofrenia / Assessment of CIDI for schyzophrenia diagnosis

Se analiza la utilidad del CIDI para estudios epidemiológicos en poblaciones. Su rendimiento es menor en esquizofrenia en comparación con el diagnóstico clínico

Evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con malformaciones ano-rectal después de anorectoplastia sagital posterior / Evaluation of the quality of life in patient with anus-rectal malformations after posterior sagital ano-rectoplastic

Los autores presentan los resultados de la evaluación de la calidad de vida y la continencia fecal en 22 pacientes a quienes se les practicó anorectoplastia sagital posterior (ARPSP), de un total de 42 pacientes con malformación ano-rectal (MAR), ingresados entre 1985-1981. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante encuestas diseñadas por templeton y Ditesheim, realizadas a los pacientes y/o familiares. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: tener una edad mayor de 2 años y más de 6 meses desde el reestablecimiento del tránsito intestinal. Los resultados demostraron que existe una buena correlación entre la calidad de vida y la continencia fecal en pacientes con MAR a quienes se les realizó ARPSP. Recomendamos la evaluación a largo plazo de los pacientes con malformaciones ano-rectales con el método de Templeton y Ditesheim ya que es sencillo de realizar y se correlaciona con las manifestaciones clínicas de la continencia fecal

Encuesta sobre el uso de psicofármacos en pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de adultos / Use of psychotropic drugs in patients admitted to a university hospital for adults

We performed a survey concerning the use of psychotropic drugs among 223 patients admitted to a university hospital in november 1986. 39% of patients were receiving some psychotropic drug, and 73% of these corresponded to benzodiazepines. Insomnia and anxiety were reported as the main causes for drug use. Patients above age 50 were most affected. 61% of drugs had been in use for more than 6 months. These results confirm previous findings regarding psychotropic drug use in adults